The epigenetics of immune tolerance: How microbial short-chain fatty acids promote Foxp3 expression to resolve cutaneous hyper-reactivity.
1. Microbial Butyrate and HDAC Inhibition
Butyric acid (PubChem CID: 264) is a short-chain fatty acid produced by commensal anaerobic fermentation of prebiotic fibers. Butyrate functions as a potent endogenous Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.
2. Induction of Dermal Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
By inhibiting HDAC enzymes, butyrate accelerates histone H3 acetylation at the Foxp3 promoter locus in naive CD4+ T cells, promoting their differentiation into immunosuppressive Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs). Dermal Treg cells secrete IL-10, suppressing Th2 dermal inflammation and calming eczema lesions.
3. Literature References
Literature references: PubMed PMID: 40577792; PubMed PMID: 41036846; PubChem CID: 264.
References
- PubMed PMID: 40577792 — Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibition by Microbial Butyrate Metabolite.
- PubMed PMID: 41036846 — Dermal Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Induction and Interleukin-10 Secretion.
- PubChem CID: 264 — Butyric Acid Molecular Structure and Epigenetic Transcriptional Modulation.
Academic Sources & Direct Database Links
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Last Updated: February 01, 2026
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